CBSE Class 10th Maths syllabus in 2023

Introduction

For the academic year 2022–2023, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the Class 10 rationalized syllabus. Around 20-30%, class 10th math’s syllabus has been reduced. With the emergence of new technological requirements, the math’s pattern has undergone some changes. The secondary curriculum’s main goal is to improve students’ ability to use mathematics to solve problems in daily life. The proposed curriculum covers a variety of topics, such as the study of coordinate geometry, graphs, statistics, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.

CBSE class 10th math’s syllabus is structured to lay the groundwork for the crucial board exams and competitive exams that will be held in the ensuing years. If you want a step-by-step guide to prepare for class 10th math’s exam then read this.

A syllabus is a type of instructional tool that establishes expectations for what will occur throughout the entire course session. It specifies the subjects and ideas that will form the basis of the final exam questions for the students. The functions and concepts that are used to evaluate students’ performance are contained in a syllabus, which essentially acts as a contract between the students and the teachers.

Class 10th Math’s Syllabus Overview

Let’s first take a look at the course structure to determine how much importance each component and the topics are given in this year.

15 Chapters of Class 10th Math’s Syllabus 2023-2024:

Unit 1: Number System

The system for identifying and expressing numbers is known as the number system or numeral system. Each number is represented uniquely by the number system, which also denotes the geometric and algebraic structure of the numbers. It gives us the ability to carry out various mathematical operations, including addition, subtraction, and division.

Rational number:

Rational numbers are those that can be expressed as a fraction, a positive number, a negative number, or a zero. If y is not zero, it can be written as x/y.
Example: For instance, 5/3 is a rational number. It means that an integer 5 has been divided by an extra added integer 3.
Irrational number:
Any number that is not rational is said to be irrational. For instance, the irrational number can be expressed as decimals rather than fractions, so it cannot be expressed as a ratio of 2 integers.

Unit 2: Algebra

Overview of algebra
Expansion and factorization of algebraic expressions.
Quadratic equations and their solutions.

A significant area of mathematics called algebra finds critical use in the study of engineering and technology. It deals with the rules for manipulating symbols known as variables, which represent the value of any quantity at any time.

Expansion and factorisation of algebraic expressions:

Finding the factors of an algebraic expression, also known as locating two or even more expressions whose product is the given expression, is referred to as factorization. It merely refers to representing a number as the product of two other digits. Similarly to this, algebraic expressions are written as a product of their factors. The only distinction is that an algebraic expression here combines addition or subtraction with arithmetic operations like numbers and variables.

Quadratic equations and their solutions:

In mathematics, a quadratic equation is a second-degree polynomial with the standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are numerical coefficients and a is not equal to 0.

Unit 3: Coordinate Geometry

Any flat surface that can extend indefinitely in both directions is referred to as a plane. Now that coordinate geometry has been developed, finding a point on a plane is made simple. Any point on the plane can be located using the two numbers of coordinate geometry. Tell us more, please!
A branch of geometry known as coordinate geometry uses an ordered pair of numbers, or coordinates, to define the location of points on a plane.

Understanding the concept of graphs:

Two perpendicular number lines are used and are referred to as the coordinate axes in coordinate graphs. The x-axis is one axis that is horizontal. The y-axis is vertical. The coordinates of the origin, which is the meeting point of the two number lines, are used to identify it (0, 0).
An x‐y coordinate graph.

Unit 4: Geometry

The area of mathematics known as geometry is concerned with the dimensions, sizes, shapes, and angles of a wide range of everyday objects. Geometry is derived from two words in Ancient Greek that mean “measurement” and “Earth,” respectively.
Flat shapes include 2-dimensional shapes like triangles, squares, rectangles, and circles. Three-dimensional shapes are cubes, cuboids, cones, etc referred to as solids in solid geometry. The coordinate geometry of points, lines, and planes forms the foundation of fundamental geometry.

Triangle & their properties:

In mathematics, triangles are considered to be a part of geometry. In other words, it has a specific shape that sets it apart from other geometrical shapes you encounter quite often. A triangle, however, is primarily a closed polygon with three straight sides.

Types of Triangle:

Scalene Triangle
Isosceles Triangle
Equilateral Triangle
Acute Angle Triangle
Right Angle Triangle
Obtuse Angle Triangle

Properties of triangle:

The sum of a triangle’s exterior angles is always 360 degrees.
Consecutive interior and exterior angles added together are supplemental.
The shortest side always opposes the interior angle with the smallest measure. The largest interior angle is always opposite the longest side, in a similar manner.

Circles & their properties:

A circle can be made by moving along with a moving point in a plane while keeping a fixed distance from another point. The Greek word kirkos, which means hoop or ring, is where the word circle gets its name.
Properties of Circles Related to Lines
Chord
Tangent
Properties of Circles Related to angles
Inscribed Angle
Central Angle
Important Formulas:
Perimeter–Circle Formula
Area – Circle Formula

Unit 5: Trigonometry

The most crucial mathematical concept is trigonometry. It deals with the right-angled triangle’s sides and angles. It is extremely important in almost every field, including physics, criminology, satellite navigation, medical imaging, and many others. Finding the angles or sides of a right-angled triangle is done using trigonometry.

Trigonometric Ratios:

For the right ΔPQR, right-angled at ∠Q, the trigonometric ratios of the ∠P are as follows:

sin P=opposite side/hypotenuse= QR/PR
cos P=adjacent side/hypotenuse= PQ/PR
tan P=opposite side/adjacent side= QR/PQ
Cosec P=hypotenuse/opposite side= PR/QR
sec P=hypotenuse/adjacent side= PR/PQ
cot P=adjacent side/opposite side= PQ/QR

Trigonometric identities:

The equations that include trigonometric functions like sine, cosine, tangent, etc. There are essentially three trigonometric identities taught in class 10 and covered in the trigonometry chapter. They are:

Cos2 θ + Sin2 θ = 1
1 + Tan2 θ = Sec2 θ
1 + Cot2 θ = Cosec2 θ

Unit 6: Mensuration

The study of how to measure geometric objects and their attributes, such as length, volume, shape, surface area, lateral surface area, and so forth, is known as mensuration. The mathematical techniques used here are the mensuration formulas. Measurements are used to provide information about an object’s height, width, depth, perimeter, area, and volume. Mensuration describes the characteristics and formulas of a variety of geometrical shapes, including two-dimensional shapes.

Formula for Volume of different shapes:

Sphere = (4/3) π x (radius)3
Prism or Cylinder = Base area x height
Pyramid or Cone (V) = (frac {1}{3}) x base area x height.

Unit 7: Statistics & Probability

Probability:

It is the possibility of any random event’s outcome. Identifying the likelihood that a specific event will occur is meant by this expression. When we toss a coin in the air, what are the chances of getting a head, for example? The answer is based on the number of possible outcomes. Either head or tail could come out of this situation. Therefore, the likelihood that the outcome will be head is 50%.
P(E) = n(E)/n(S)
Here,
n(S) = Total number of outcomes

Statistics:

The study of data gathering, analysis, and organization is known as statistics. A technique for gathering and analyzing data. This has numerous uses on both a small and large scale. Stats are used in all such data analysis, whether it be for studying a nation’s population or its economy.

Mean, mode & median:

The average of any data set is called the mean.
A data set’s mode is its most common number.
The middle value in a set of numbers is called the median.

Formulas of Mean and Median:

Mean = Sum of Observation/Total Number of Observations
If ‘n’ is odd: Median = (n+1/2)th term
If ‘n’ is even: Median = [(n/2)th term + (n/2 +1)th term]/2

Conclusion:

Studying class 10th math’s syllabus is never hard, if you focus on the core basics and attend every lecture sincerely. Class 10th boards is your new milestone and to achieve this, you need to study consistently with patience.
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FAQs of Class 10th Math’s Syllabus

How many chapters are there in the 10th class math’s syllabus?
There are 15 chapters in CBSE class 10th math’s syllabus. These 15 chapters are divided in 7 units that are: Number System, Algebra, Coordinate Geometry, Geometry, Trigonometry, Mensuration, and Statistics and Probability.

Is 10th Math’s Difficult?
CBSE Class 10th Math’s Syllabus is moderate but the CBSE class 10th paper is bit lengthy and it consumes more time to solve.

Which unit of class 10th math’s syllabus has the highest weightage?
Algebra has the highest weightage of 20 marks out of 80 marks. There are 4 chapters in Algebra that are: Polynomials, Pair of Linear Equations in two Variables, Quadratic Equations, and Arithmetic Progressions.

Which unit of class 10th math’s syllabus has the lowest weightage?
Number Systems has the lowest weightage of 6 marks out of 80 marks. There is only 1 chapter in Number Systems that is: Real Numbers.

Deleted part of the blog:
Question
In a seminar, there are 60, 84, and 108 participants in Hindi, English, and Mathematics, respectively. Calculate the minimum number of rooms necessary if the same number of participants are to be seated in each room and they are all studying the same topic.
Solution
By prime factorisation
60=2*2*3*5
84=2*2*3*7
108=2*2*3*3*3
HCF =12
Rooms required= 60/12 + 84/12+108/12=5+7+9=21